Reductants in iron ore sintering: A critical review
Significance of types of fuel usage as reductant in Iron ore sintering process. ... This paper presents a comprehensive study on the production and …
Significance of types of fuel usage as reductant in Iron ore sintering process. ... This paper presents a comprehensive study on the production and …
The sinter with low reduction degradation index (RDI) for COREX reduction was prepared by separated granulation sintering process. The results illustrate that the productivity and tumble index are attained to be 1.64 t m−2 h−1 and 59.25%, respectively, in pot tests under the optimal conditions. Under the reducing condition …
Reduction Disintegration Index ( RDI) is one key factor of sinter quality, which indicates the degree of disintegration by the reducing gas at about 550 in the middle of the blast furnace shaft. This is related to the permeability and reduction reaction between gas and sinter in the blast furnace, so appropriate quality control is essential. RDI is influenced …
COREX smelting reduction technology is a new process that uses coal to reduce iron ore at high temperatures and obtain liquid iron. Mainly employing iron lumps, pellets and non-coking coal, COREX is the earliest established commercially and the only one smelting reduction process that realized industrial production [1, 2].Due to that …
Figure 3 depicts the evolution of iron ore sinter reduction in CO–CO 2 –N 2 gas at temperatures 700–1100 °C. In each plot, two dashed lines are displayed, corresponding to reduction degrees of 8.24% and 31.18%. These values were …
From as received to T 10 pct, open porosity increased by 456, 274 and 59 pct for the sinter, lump ore and acid pellet, respectively. This is probably related to the removal of oxygen from the reduction of iron oxides, opening the structure of the particles, and even the formation of cracks due to reduction degradation.
Factorial design analysis of reduction of simulated iron ore sinter reduced with CO gas at 1000 – 1100 o C E. A. Mousa 1 and S. Ghali* 2 Although the influence of many impurities on the reduction process of iron oxide has been intensively studied, the magnitude of such impurities and their mutual interactions on the total degree of reduction are still not clear.
In the dioxin emission reduction technology of iron ore sintering, the source control technology has a strict demand for raw materials, which will increase the cost of raw materials procurement undoubtedly, and the investment and operating costs of end treatment are high. While the process control technology has the advantages of simple …
Abstract Iron ore, pellets, and sinter were reduced with hydrogen at 800 °C to understand the degree of reduction and the mineralogical aspects. The weight loss of goethite and limonite iron ore was noticed to be lower than that of magnetite and hematite varieties. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) indicated 100 pct Fe in the case of hematite, 93 pct …
During the iron ore sintering process, its SiO2 content considerably affects the sinter quality. In this study, the effect of SiO2 content on iron ore sintering indexes was studied, with mineral composition and microstructure analyses. It was shown that the strength and reducibility of sintering products improved when SiO2 content increased. …
Due to the drastic change in iron ore qualities, maintaining consistency in sinter property has become a challenge for steel manufacturing industries, resulting the irregularities and disturbances in the blast furnace iron making. The present work aimed to develop a prediction model for physical, mechanical and high temperature properties of …
Five schemes are designed to investigate the influence of coke rate on thermal treatment of waste SCR catalyst in iron ore sintering. Table 3 gives the detailed ore blend proportion, sinter condition, and experimental schemes. The basicity and the mass fraction of MgO are adjusted to 1.9 and 1.7% (mass) to meet the fluidity …
F. Verdeja (2017) Iron Ore Sintering: Quality Indices, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 38:4, 254-264, DOI: 10.1080/08827508.2017.1323744 ... resulting in better reduction ...
The reduction kinetics tests of Shougang sintering iron ores were performed from 1173 to 1373 K with CO by thermogravimetric analysis, from which the values of reduction reaction apparent ...
sinter have different reduction behaviors, and these are con-siderably influenced by sinter iron ore morphologies. Qie et al. [7] reported effect of hydrogen on reduction kin-etics of iron oxides in blast furnace. They were especially fo-cused on reduction kinetics of iron ore pellet, not sintered iron ore, in whole reduction steps. Although ...
Since lump ore and pellets are more acidic and contain less alumina than iron ore sinter, their usage is tending to increase to help balance the chemistry of BF slag. ... Pre drying of Rio Tinto Corumba's lump iron ore for direct reduction. 3rd International Meeting on Ironmaking and 2nd International Symposium on Iron Ore, 2008 Sao Luis, …
the BF shaft. It is found that lump ore has lowest reduction rate in all test conditions, and at lower temperatures iron ore pellets reduce faster than sinter, and this is reversed at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the reduction rate of sinter and iron ore pellets begins to resemble each other at higher temperatures. FULL PAPER l ...
In iron ore sinter plants, the process off-gas is de-dusted by electrostatic precipitators which are installed upstream of the fan. For further reduction of emissions, a second cleaning stage can ...
Iron ore sintering accounts for 13 % of CO 2 emissions. Pelletization and coke are making account for 7 % of the emissions. ... Development of secondary fuel injection technology for energy reduction in the iron ore sintering process. ISIJ Int, 51 (6) (2011), pp. 913-921, 10.2355/isijinternational.51.913.
Iron ore sinter constitutes a major proportion of blast furnace burden. Hence, its quality and consistency have a significant impact on blast furnace performance. ... An increase in the sinter basicity reduces the …
The blast furnace is a plant used for iron ore reduction by charging iron ore with metallurgical coke (Heikkila et al. [8], Cecca et al. [9]) and the usual limestone for the removal of its ...
Iron ore pellets were reduced at 450–600 °C under load of 0.4 kg/cm 2 by simulating upper shaft furnace conditions [27], [28]. For each reduction experiment, iron ore pellets were heated to the required temperature and then reduced for 60 min in reducing gases (listed in Table 2) at flow rate of 0.6 m 3 /h. Subsequently, the reduced …
The silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminium, known as SFCA phases, are considered the most favourable bonding phases in iron ore sintering due to their …
Fig 1 Iron ore sinter. ... carbonates decomposition (endothermic), (iii) solid phase reactions, (iv) reduction and re-oxidation of iron oxides, and (v) reactions of formation of the sintered mass. Cooling zone – This zone is found immediately after the reaction zone. In this zone, cooling and re-crystallization of the sintered product take …
The quality of the sinter can be measured by suitable size distribution, cold strength and reduction-disintegration properties (Geerdes et al., 2015). ... The main iron ore sintering sub-models include the pressure drop in porous media [64, 66–77], heat transfer in porous media [64, 66–80], ...
In this case, the properties of iron ore sinter such as reducibility and strength need to be optimized because hydrogen reduction of iron oxide is an endothermic reaction and temperature ...
Alumina containing iron ore samples (0·7–5·5%Al 2 O 3) were sintered in a down draft sinter pot. The structures of the produced sinters were microscopically examined and the different phases developed were identified. ... The non-isothermal reduction of sinter samples was carried out using a heating reduction technique with …
With the aim of reducing CO 2 emissions in basic industries, the sector of iron and steel metallurgy is also faced with the question of how carbon can be replaced in ore reduction. By means of in-situ observation, this study investigates the direct reduction (DR) of individual iron ore pellets under an atmosphere of hydrogen (H 2) and carbon …
The schematic illustration of iron ore reduction and BR/BR CaO (sintered and self-hardened) pellets reduced at 1000 °C is presented in Fig. 8. At time t 1, the product layer thickness is identical for both the types of pellets (L 1 S = L 1 B), ...
Iron ore sinter plants are energy-intensive components of integrated iron and steel production (see Table 1), where the iron ore fines (<5 mm) are converted into larger (>5 mm) lump sinter cakes with greater gas permeability, which are the most important burden materials for iron making in blast furnaces (BFs) [7].The main process is shown …
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